Diseño de una planta de tratamiento de lixiviados con un destilador solar para el botadero de basura de Curgua

Abstract

The high generation of waste in solid waste landfills causes a collapse of the landfills. This accumulation of waste gives rise to leachates, highly polluting fluids, which seep into the environment and cause contamination of rivers and groundwater sources. Therefore, the objective was to design a leachate treatment plant with a solar distiller for the Curgua landfill, to reduce the level of contamination and comply with the stipulations of the Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation (TULSMA) book VI, Annex 1, table 9. Standard methods were used to examine the leachate and the physical, chemical and microbiological characterization was obtained. Parameters outside the maximum permissible limit for discharges into freshwater bodies were identified: oils and fats 40.72 mg/l, cyanide (CN¯) 0.28 mg/l, color 150 Pt-Co, chromium (Cr ⁺⁶) 0.51 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 3772.36 mg/l, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) 1790.26 mg/l, escherichia coli 4383.33 col/100ml, total dissolved solids (TDS) 268.69 mg/l, surfactants 3.76 mg/l. The results determine: oils and fats 2.80 mg/l, CN¯ 0.0057 mg/l, color 5 Pt-Co, Cr ⁺⁶ 0.0057 mg/l, COD 25.81 mg/l, BOD5 12.97 mg/l, escherichia coli 0 col/100ml, TSS 59.71 mg/l and surfactants 0.25 mg/l; with an average removal percentage of 95.14 %; besides an increase in dissolved oxygen of 95.14% improving in the quality of treated water. It was concluded that after the final characterization the parameters are within the permissible limits and comply with what is stipulated by the TULSMA, but it is recommended to use good quality materials for the construction of the solar distiller, to increase the useful life of the equipment and the plant.