Síntesis de una biopelícula a partir de almidón acetilado procedente de cáscaras de achira (Canna indica) para la conservación de alimentos

Abstract

The objective of this research was to synthesize a biofilm from acetylated starch from Achira (canna indica) husks for food preservation, with their respective tests in order to determine if there were improvements in the treatments. First, Achira starch was extracted by wet process, under a 2k factorial analysis, varying the crushing speed (Low and High) and the crushing time (30 and 45) s, to examine the yields, where the T4 treatment was chosen with a value of 4,350 %, working with a high speed of (20000) RPM and a time of 45 s. With this, we proceeded to characterize the starch under the Fao, AOAC and INEN standards, obtaining results within the permitted limits. Afterwards, the starch acetylation processes were carried out by varying the volume of acetic anhydride in three levels (5, 10, 15)mL. Next, the biofilm formulation was worked on using a totally randomized design, and the characterization was carried out by evaluating the properties of moisture, thickness, solubility and permeability, including degradability in three media, obtaining a degradability in water of up to 100% in certain treatments, 61.34% in soil and 28.469 in environment, this was evaluated in a time of 30 days, in addition to mechanical tests using the universal traction machine, showing the AA2G1 treatment as the most suitable with good physical and mechanical characteristics, relating it to the formulation (2 g level II starch, 30 mL distilled water, 1 ml of glycerin, 5 mL acetic acid). Finally food preservation tests were performed. It was concluded that acetylated achira starch is suitable for the manufacture of biofilms as it is biodegradable and with good physical-mechanical characteristics helping to preserve food.