Diseño del proceso industrial para la elaboración de un fertilizante sólido a base de pollinaza para cultivos agrícolas

Abstract

Agriculture in Ecuador is a solid base on which to sustain and maintain the economic growth and social welfare of the country, therefore synthetic fertilizers are used to increase crop production and yields; however, their constant use leads to the reduction of soil fertility, los of nutrients and pollution, so with the aim of promoting the use of environmentally and economically viable alternatives it has been proposed to "Design an industrial process for the production of a solid fertilizer based on poultry manure for agricultural crops". The methodology implemented had a technical-experimental character, using chicken compost as a source of N after a previous treatment in the preparation of compost; beef bone as a source of Ca and P treated with H_2 O_2 and subjected to calcination for 3 hours at temperatures <to 800°C and eucalyptus wood ash as a source of K calcined at 450°C. The presence of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the organic fertilizer produced resulted in 10.76%,11.43%, 5.94%, 13.64% and 3.41% respectively. The raw material and the formulations were characterized using the UV-Visible spectrophotometer and the flame photometer. With the formulation obtained, the industrial process was designed to produce 500 kg/day, a process that is carried out through a batch production involving 6 unitary operations. Finally, the economic analysis allowed to know the economic profitability of the project through different financial parameters, where the investment is expected to be recovered in 3 years 2 months with a PVP of $23.55 per presentation of 25 kg. It is concluded that the raw materials used are ideal for the supply of essential nutrients for the plants and that these organic wastes, when used, generate an economic benefit and an environmental commitment.