Aprovechamiento del aserrín de pino-eucalipto y rastrojo de quinua como sustrato para el cultivo del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus

Abstract

The aim of this project was to use pine-eucalyptus sawdust and quinoa stubble as substrate for the cultivation of the Pleurotus ostreatus fungus, which was developed in different stages: obtaining the mycelium, preparation of the substrate, incubation, inoculation, fructification and finally, obtaining the fungus or culture. An experimental design of convenience or completely at random (DCA) was carried out, considering three types of substrates, from which four treatments with four replicates were obtained. The data of total fresh mushroom weight of the two harvests and yield were analyzed by means of a one-factor variance study in the Minitab statistical software. Based on the results, it was found that treatment two (100% quinoa stubble) obtained the highest total amount of fungi with a weight of 654gr, which resulted in the highest yield of all treatments, with 81.08%. On the other hand, treatment one (50% pine sawdust and 50% eucalyptus sawdust) obtained the lowest weight with 99gr and a yield of 11.38%. In addition, a bromatological analysis showed that the Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom is an excellent source of protein (17.47%), fiber (15.72%) and fat (2.44%). This information suggests that the mushroom is capable of replacing common foods such as meat, eggs and milk, thanks to its high nutritional value and low-fat content. Finally, further research with different substrate mixtures involving quinoa stubble is recommended, since this was found to be the best substrate for obtaining the Pleurotus ostreatus fungus.