Diseño del proceso industrial para la obtención de un fertilizante líquido orgánico

Abstract

Agriculture is considered the most important economic sector in Ecuador, therefore the use of fertilizers is indispensable due to the scarcity of nutrients in some soils, taking into account that in the market the vast majority are chemicals that wear the soil progressively, damaging both the environment and the health of those who consume it, thus having as an objective to "Design an industrial process for obtaining an organic liquid fertilizer", inserting in the market an environmentally friendly product,at low cost and that provides the same nutrients to the plant. This was done by fermenting six raw materials: molasses, whey, yeast, poultry manure, leaf litter and beef bone ash, mixed with water. To obtain the bone ash, a pretreatment with peroxide and acetic acid was carried out, and the ash was calcined at a temperature ranging from 650°C to 800°C for 4 hours, the ash was added to the biol formulation to provide calcium and phosphorus. As results obtained for the Biol, we observed values of N 14.54 g/l, P 17.18 g/l, K 8.29 g/l, Ca 13.64 g/l, Mg 3.41 g/l. At the industrial level, the equipment necessary to produce 1000 liters of biol per batch was dimensioned, identifying the variables, operations and unitary processes. Finally, with the financial part, important parameters such as the IRR and NPV were analyzed, giving us as a result that the plant is viable and its investment is recoverable in a period of 3 years, with a retail price of 3.25 per liter. It is concluded that the fertilizer was validated according to the Colombian standard NTC INCOTEC 5167 and that thanks to the raw materials used we can contribute to the circular economy, generating an economic good and environmental care.