Diseño e implementación de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales en la comunidad de Sacahuan-Tiocajas del cantón Guamote

Abstract

The objective of this technical project was to design and implement a wastewater treatment system in the community of Sacahuan-Tiocajas in the Guamote canton. To this end, we began with the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of two graywater samples based on Ministerial Agreement No. 028 of 2015, Table A4: Water Quality Criteria for Agricultural Irrigation Use. A replica of the system was built within the laboratory on a smaller scale to obtain initial data to assist in the final design. The process began with the determination of parameters, selection of design conditions, engineering calculations and design implementation. For the engineering design, the following were sized: piping connections for the kitchen area (laundry room), bathroom (shower and sink) and laundry room; a system of 2 stopcocks was installed for the main system and an alternative system; an oil and grease trap was installed, consisting of a 60L plastic tank; a gravity filter consisting of a 200L plastic tank, a horizontal flow subsurface wetland and a water collection tank of 0.70m deep, 2m long and 0.70m wide; the tank had a lid on the top; the tank had a lid on the bottom of the tank and a water collection tank of 0.70m deep, 2m long and 0.70m wide; the tank had a lid on the bottom of the tank. 70m deep, 2m long and 0.70m wide; the tank has a lid at the top where the treated water is collected, while the secondary system only has a natural filter system made up of large and medium-sized stones, with a depth of 0.72m, 2m long and 0.70m wide; all the equipment has a geomembrane covering. For the wastewater treatment system, the pollutant removal results for sample 1 were 71.16% and 81.62% for sample 2. It is recommended that laboratory analysis be performed on the basis of the heavy metals that may be present.