Diseño y construcción de un gasificador para el aprovechamiento energético de biomasa

Abstract

In this Curricular Integration Project, the design and construction of a gasifier for the energetic use of biomass was carried out. First of all, the physical and chemical firstly, the physical and chemical properties of the biomass to be gasified were characterized. Subsequently, by means of selection criteria, it was determined to build an inverted draft or downdraft gasifier for practical use at the laboratory level. for practical use at laboratory level. For the sizing of the combustion and reduction chamber, a standardized table of gasifier dimensions and reduction, a table of standardized dimensions of gasifiers was used, starting from the biomass consumption at maximum load of the equipment, which was set at 25 kg/h; then, engineering calculations were made for the sizing of the other components. For the materials selection, the properties, costs and availability in the domestic market were considered. availability in the domestic market. We proceeded with the elaboration of a 3D model which allowed us to recognize the final dimensions of the which allowed us to recognize the final dimensions of the gasification equipment built. The final result was a downdraft gasifier designed with a central air inlet at the top of the combustion chamber to the combustion chamber, in addition, it has a mobile grill that allows regulating the volume of the reduction chamber. The equipment was tested, where 5 kg/h of eucalyptus biomass was gasified with 37.5 kg/h of air to generate 0.241 kg/h of waste and 42.26 kg/h of lean gas, which is a combustible gas; therefore, the objective of using the biomass as energy was achieved. It is recommended to implement more temperature sensors for better control and data recording in the different stages of the gasification process.