Incidencia de la adición del óxido de grafeno en la obtención del plástico biodegradable de la achira (Canna Edulis) con sus propiedades mecánicas

Abstract

The objective of the Curricular Integration Work was to evaluate the incidence of graphene oxide in obtaining biodegradable plastic from achira (Canna edulis). First, the achira starch was wet extracted and characterized, thus evaluating the parameters of the research project according to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and Colombian Technical Standards, which allowed identifying that it was suitable for the production of biodegradable plastic. For the synthesis of graphene oxide, a yield of 40,626% was obtained. A totally randomized design was used to identify the optimum amount of addition of the compound in the composition of the plastic sheet, where a total of six treatments were obtained. Consequently, the product obtained was evaluated by means of physical and mechanical tests, where the maximum thickness obtained was 0,2 mm and based on the mechanical tests, there was an improvement in the properties of displacement 4,015 mm, deformation 10,599% and load rupture 1,496 N, corresponding to treatment three. Finally, the degradability tests were carried out in three different media: water, soil and environment, where the maximum degradation was 93,353% in water, with a time corresponding to 21 days, which is related to the established composting regulations for biodegradable plastics that are within the established limit, 78,272% in soil and 66,337% in environment, therefore, when studying the results obtained, the improvement in the mechanical properties of the bioplastic, which is destined for industrial application, was evidenced. It is recommended to investigate the application of other additives in the manufacture of bioplastics to improve the other tensile properties.