Obtención de láminas de plástico biodegradables del almidón de centeno (secale cereale) para el uso de la industria alimenticia

Abstract

The current investigation work consisted of formulating biofilm sheets from rye (Secale cereale) starch for application in the food industry. Therefore, the two k factorial (two squared) experimental design methodology was used as it measures the interaction of k factors in the process by applying the casting method. Consequently, 4 treatments with their respective repetitions were carried out. On the other hand, starch extraction was carried out by the wet method, obtaining a yield of 18.702% with a speed 2 (20000 RPM) and a time of 90 seconds. Therefore, the physical- chemical characterization of the starch was based on the Ecuadorian standard INEN 1456 obtaining 17.76% amylose and 82.24% amylopectin. As for the characterization of the bioplastic, the most appropriate is the treatment of rye 4 (TC4) which obtained a 0.1 mm thickness, 14.961% moisture, 38.971% solubility, 0.1208g/hmMPa of water vapor permeability, and in the biodegradability tests three conditions were considered: water, soil and environment which resulted in the loss of 94.330%, 86.8507% and 14.359% respectively. On the other hand, the mechanical properties were based on the NTE INEN 2043 standard and obtained 16.83MPa modulus of elasticity, 19.60MPa maximum load, 13.07MPa maximum stress and 15.074% elongation percentage. It is concluded that the elaborated bioplastic shows good quality of physical and mechanical properties that are similar to a conventional plastic. Further research is recommended on rye starch-based properties using other plasticizers.