Relación entre morbilidad infantil y estado nutricional de pacientes del servicio de pediatría del Hospital General Docente de Calderón durante el periodo junio 2020 a junio 2021.

Abstract

The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between child morbidity and the nutritional status of patients at the Pediatric Service of the Calderón Teaching Hospital. The study was a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study with a sample of 153 patients, aged between 0.02 and 14.10 years, who were seen at the Children's Hospital between June 2020 and June 2021. The information was obtained by reviewing the medical records and then processed in the SPSS statistical package. The pathologies causing hospitalization were digestive system diseases in 39.87%, trauma in 20.92%, other diseases in 14.38%, anemia in 11.11%, respiratory system diseases in 7.19% and infectious and parasitic diseases in 6.53%. According to hemoglobin levels, 24% of the population studied was anemic. Nutritional status according to body mass index/age showed that 60.78% of the people studied were of normal weight, 11.76% were overweight and 4.5% were at risk of being overweight. According to the height/age index, 90.20% of the participants were of normal height and 9.8% were short. The inferential statistical analysis shows that there is an association, but not statistically significant, for weight/age index with respiratory diseases and other diseases; for height/age index with anemia, digestive diseases, trauma and other diseases. It is concluded that there is no statistically significant association between morbidity and nutritional status as assessed by weight/age, weight/height, height/age and body mass index/age. However, there is a statistically significant relationship between hemoglobin level and morbidity with a value of p=<0.0001.The study of mean differences in hemoglobin and morbidity using the Tukey-Kramer HSD test showed that anemia with digestive system diseases, trauma, infectious and parasitic diseases and other diseases were statistically significantly different with p-values <.0001.