Efecto de diez plaguicidas de uso agrícola sobre el desarrollo de hongos entomopatógenos y nematofagos

Abstract

The research was carried out to determine the effect of ten pesticides for agricultural use on the development of six beneficial entomopathogenic fungi and nematophagous, a completely random design was applied using analysis of variance, with 360 experimental units, plus 18 controls or control corresponding to 10 pesticides, 2 concentrations, 6 fungi, and 3 repeats. The diameter of fungal growth was measured in centimeters daily, for ten days, to know their final growth and the affectation of pesticides on their development, due to the concentration, the appearance of the colonies was assessed, and the toxicity classification was made by the growth inhibition values with the OLIB scale. The pesticide with the greatest adverse effect on the development of beneficial fungi was the insecticide Pyridalyl, since, no fungal growth was observed in the concentrations used, however in the pesticides Azadirachtin, Glyphosate, Yellow Deltamethrin, Propamocarb compatibility with the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, Arthrobotpys musiformis, and Arthrobotrys oligospora could be observed, since, their growth inhibition percentages do not exceed 26%. The colony that reached the largest diameter was Arthrobotrys oligospora in the trial of the pyrethroid insecticide yellow Deltamethrin with 8.1 cm on day 10 also achieving development with greater growth speed than the rest of the fungi, the pesticides with a less adverse effect on the growth of fungi were the pyrethroid insecticide Deltamethrin yellow with the development of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Arthrobotrys oligospora and the herbicide Glyphosate with the development of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, Arthrobotrys musiformis, Arthrobotrys oligospora. In this context, it is concluded that the inhibition generated by pesticides against fungi is dependent on the concentration at which the agrochemical is evaluated.