Determinación de parámetros de calidad en los aceites esenciales obtenidos a partir de residuos cítricos

Abstract

The main objective of this research was to determine the parameters of quality and percentage of yield in the essential oils obtained by the steam drag method extraction with water, ethanol 70% and ethyl ether from orange peel waste Citrus Sinensis and lemon Citrus Aurantifolia, waste collected and classified from garbage cans of commercial premises where food is prepared daily and garbage containers near ESPOCH. The quality parameters determined were the organoleptic properties, physical chemistry, determination of the non-volatile fraction by UV-vis spectroscopy at a wavelength of 270 - 400 nm, identification of functional groups by IR, and identification of volatile compounds and quantification of D-limonene and α-pinene by gas chromatography GC / MS, a comparison of results was made with essential oils brands Aura caica (European brand), Quimolab (national brand) and Rincón del químico (Riobamba). For the statistical analysis, the univariate analysis of variance was used under a complete factorial model, resulting in significant differences in performance with the three factors: solvent, oil, and drying of samples being the best performance for the fresh sample extraction water, compared to that obtained with sample dried to the environment and sample by lyophilization. Concluding that the essential oils got from fresh sample extraction water and ethanol 70 % presented similar results to the quality parameters of the essential oils of the commercial brands. It is recommended in the study of limonene to perform biotransformation with biological catalysts to complete chemical transformations with biological activities.