Distribución geográfica y análisis comparativo para determinar cambios y posibles causas de la presión arterial en el período 2018-2021 en la provincia de Chimborazo

Abstract

The objective of this work was to study the geographical distribution and the comparative analysis to establish the changes and possible causes of blood pressure in the period 2018-2021, in the province of Chimborazo. The records used for the research were obtained from the Health Care Records Platform (PRAS), where individuals with a history of high blood pressure (hypertension) are registered. For the study, the following variables were considered: sex, canton where the blood pressure was reported, type of blood pressure, ethnicity, weight, height, age, body mass index (BMI), date of registration, and canton of origin of the individual. A descriptive and comparative analysis was performed to determine characteristics and variations of each variable over time, later a geographical analysis for arterial hypertension was applied, identifying the evolution and state by year, finally, for the qualitative variables an analysis of independence was done using the chi-square test and comparison of means tests for the quantitative variables. The results obtained were that the factors associated with arterial hypertension are: sex, canton of origin, BMI and weight, finding that the female sex is more prone to having arterial hypertension, in the canton of origin, it was found that the urban sectors under study are more prone than rural sectors, in the BMI and weight relationship, a BMI of 28.2 kilograms per square meter was found, understanding that the individuals under study are mostly overweight. It is concluded that the existing variations in the reports for arterial hypertension were caused by the increase in the sample of the female sex and the overweight. It is recommended for future research, the application of multivariate techniques such as: principal components or correspondence analysis, to contribute to decision making.