Clusters espaciales de la economía de los socios de la Coop. “Educadores de Chiborazo” Ltda (2016-2020)

Abstract

The objective of this work was to find patterns of behavior of the economy of members of the Savings and Credit Cooperative "Educadores de Chimborazo" during the period 2016 - 2020, through the application of statistical techniques. The information matrix was provided by the computer analyst of the systems department of the financial institution, where the economic, demographic and geographical history of the associates is stored. For the study, the variables: income, expenses, coordinates of longitude and latitude, sex, parish, area and economic activity were considered. A descriptive analysis of the variables in study to observe the behavior of the data, then a temporal analysis was applied to verify the historical procedure of the economic figures through time, then performed a spatial analysis to observe whether or not there is a relationship between the economic variables and geographical areas under study, finally a cluster analysis was applied through multivariate techniques with the aim of representing the classification of conglomerates according to the characteristics of the existing behavior between the economic and demographic variables proposed in this study. It was obtained as results that the variables income and expenses presented unexpected changes in 2020 due to confinement and the health crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic; the Moran’s I identified that the economy of the shareholders of the CACECH presented a perfect negative autocorrelation; the application of cluster analysis through classification mapping generated optimal results for the study since it was identified through conglomerates that in the Lizarzaburu and Velasco parishes there is a higher concentration of expenses. It is concluded that the classification of conglomerates was by geographic location and economic activity. It is recommended to apply multivariate techniques in future research to contribute to a spatial approach to decision making.