Alternativas sostenibles y ecológicas de manejo con bioinsumos de hongos asociados a pudrición de frutos de chonta (bactris gasipaes kunth) de la provincia de Pastaza.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate sustainable and ecological management alternatives with bio-inputs of fungi associated with rotting of chonta (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) fruits from the Pastaza province. For which six active principles were used: thyme extract (Thymus vulgaris), Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia), Bacillus, chitosan oligosaccharin, product 2 and tebuconazole, in addition, six morphologically identified genera from the province of Pastaza, two methodologies were carried out: the first based on the determination of the biological effect for the fungi of: Ceratocystis, Mucor, Geotrichum, Fusarium and Rhizopus, the mycelial growth methodology was used; the second based on the germination of spores for the Penicillium fungus and for molecular identification, the DNA chain amplification technique was performed with the ITS1 and ITS4 primers with the NCBI Blast tool, the sequences obtained were compared with the data bank. The results obtained in the different products were: chitosan oligosaccharin the genus (Mucor) entered in the "Very sensitive" category (< 10µg/mL), Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) the genus (Geotrichum) entered in the "Very sensitive" category. " (<10µg/mL), tebuconazole the five genera (Ceratocystis, Geotrichum, Mucor, Rhizopus, Fusarium) entered in the category "Very sensitive" (<10µg/mL). The morphologically identified fungi were molecularly identified, which were: Ceratocystis paradoxa, Mucor nidicola, Geotrichum candidus and Penicillium purpurogenum. It is concluded that the biological products had an effect on the genera Ceratocystis, Mucor and Geotrichum thyme extract and product 2, for Rhizopus and Fusarium Tea tree oil and thyme extract and for Penicillium Tea tree oil, Bacillus, chitosan oligosaccharin and product 2. It is recommended to carry out more studies of biological effect using more products different from those used in this study to control the species already identified.