Frecuencia de infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud, en los pacientes de la terapia intensiva del Hospital General Ambato de enero a octubre 2021.

Abstract

The objective was to determine the frequency of infections associated with health care in intensive care patients at the Ambato General Hospital. Methods: it is a retrospective cross-sectional study with a study population of 109 patients, who, once determined as positive cases, were searched for the risk factors for acquiring an hospital acquired infection, following this, a risk measurement scale was tested, designed, and validated; data were obtained from clinical records. Results: Of the 109 patients, it was found that 61 cases with HAI, representing 55.96%, were older than 60 years with 8.20% of young people between 20-39 years. The male sex was the one that predominated in 60.66%, most of the patients had toxic habits such as alcohol consumption 39.29% smoking 28.58%, had a personal pathological history such as hypertension 20%, hypothyroidism 18,575, diabetes mellitus 17.14%, with the inappropriate administration of antibiotics of 59.02% and a hospital stay longer than 2 days with 49.18%. The most frequent type of infection is that associated with ventilation (75.47%), by tracheal suction samples (50.82%) with a microbiological isolation for Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.23%) and Pseudomona aureginosa (15.96%). Conclusions: Age, sex, smoking, personal comorbidities, antibiotic abuse and a prolonged hospital stay are the factors to acquire an infection associated with health care, without a doubt the limitation of the study was time and the sample, however. It was possible to compare with other similar studies that allowed the design of a risk scale.