Caracterización socioeconómica de los sistemas de producción agrícola de 10 comunidades de la parroquia de San Andrés, cantón Guano, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

This research aimed to describe the socio-economic conditions of the agricultural production systems in 10 communities, Sanjapamba, Tomapamba, Paquibug San Gerardo, Santa Rosa de Chuquipoguio, Calshi Grande, San Carlos de Chuquipogio, El Progreso, San Rafael, La Silveria and Santa Lucia in the parish of San Andrés, Guano canton, province of Chimborazo. The data collection methods were surveys, interviews, and observations. More than 50% of the producers are male, 92% of them define themselves as indigenous, their main occupation is agriculture and they sow the most important crops such as potatoes, carrots, beans, peas, and corn. The lack of training was evident, 22.09% of producers received technical assistance, which is a problem. The agricultural production systems were typified by means of a multivariate analysis using the PCA method (Principal Component Analysis) where five groups with 17 variables were grouped in relation based on the 10 communities, which are within a production system of peasant family agriculture. The set of practices implemented by the 10 communities show that they are socially accepted, have economic viability and are agronomic practices that generate positive impacts on the environment. The economic income is $151-$300 dollars, they use their own resources to finance their crops, most of the farmers use 75% of their production for sale and 25% for family consumption and for their own seed, they sell their products in the wholesale market of Riobamba. It is recommended to implement a study of the production systems in the urban part of the parish of San Andrés, in order to analyze data and compare it with the communities under study.