Diseño y construcción de una prótesis mecánica para amputación transmetacarpal controlada por muñón flexible y cables para una persona adulta

Abstract

The research focused on the design and construction of a mechanical prosthesis for transmetacarpal amputation controlled by a flexible stump and cables, to improve the ability of users to perform daily activities. Extensive research into the anatomy and biomechanics of the hand, as well as the needs and expectations of users, was conducted using an interdisciplinary approach combining engineering, biomechanics, psychology and ergonomics. The development of the project began with an analysis of the user's needs and the definition of the scope of the prosthesis. Prototyping was then carried out using point cloud scanning technology and the user's demands were captured in a prototype. A CAE study was carried out to validate the design and selection of materials for each part of the prosthesis, using TPU and PLA due to their resistance and biocompatibility with the skin. The functionality of the prosthesis was evaluated through a test protocol under the AHAP standard and satisfactory results were obtained with 60% satisfaction according to the standard. The prosthesis presented a good gripping capacity at a low cost compared to existing prostheses on the market and can be improved by increasing the load capacity, increasing the number of threads and redesigning the joints. In conclusion, the research managed to design and build a mechanical prosthesis that improves the ability to perform daily activities of users with transmetacarpal amputation. The interdisciplinary approach and the use of state-of-the-art technology allowed the design to be validated and good gripping capacity was achieved at low cost. The prosthesis has the potential to be improved and can be an accessible solution for people who require this type of device.