Contaminación de micotoxinas en alimentos balanceados.

Abstract

This bibliographical review was carried out to investigate the types of mycotoxins found in balanced feed intended for different animal species. In addition, it explains the level of danger of each mycotoxin based on its effect on animal and human health and compares the methods used for the quantification of mycotoxins. The most relevant researchers state that mycotoxins stand out determining the levels of contamination of (65%) aflatoxins (AF), (66%) ochratoxin A (OTA), (59%) zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisins. (F) (100%). In addition, within the level of danger of mycotoxins on animal health, these are located in the médium-high range. The consumption of foods with mycotoxins (AFB1) can be carcinogenic for human health affecting the liver and kidneys causing dysfunction. The most used mycotoxin detection methods were: ELISA, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Among these methods, ELISA is a method of choice when a rapid analysis is required, but requires a confirmatory analysis by LC-MS/MS. Hence, LC-MS/MS is the most reliable, safe, and preferred method of analysis for mycotoxins in food and feed samples. Finally, it is recommended to promote different strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination by developing good agricultural practices and improving the selection of ingredients (raw material).