Evaluación del manejo biológico, químico y convencional de enfermedades del filoplano en el cultivo establecido de tuna (Opuntia ficus indica L.).

Abstract

This present investigation aimed to evaluate the types of biological, chemical and conventional control of phylloplane diseases under field conditions in the established cultivation of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.). The research consisted of three phases: identification and establishment of the experimental area, application of the treatments and evaluation of the proposed variables. The experimental area was located at the Tunshi Experimental Station at ESPOCH; a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was established. The treatments established were the following: (T1) Bacillus subtilis, (T2) Trichoderma harzianum, (T3) Pyraclostrobin, (T4) Tebuconazole, (T5) Copper sulfate and (T6) Control; the applied doses corresponded to: (T1) 4 L ha-1, (T2) 106 CFU mL-1, (T3) 1 cm3 L-1, (T4) 1 cm3 L-1, (T5) 1 cm3 L-1 and (T6) no application; the frequency of application was every 15 days; and the number of applications was six during the investigation. The variables evaluated corresponded to the management of the disease: Incidence and severity, which covered a period from 0 to 95 days, with intervals of eight days. The productivity variables, number of flowers and fruit were evaluated at 0, 57 and 72 days, and yield at 95 days. The results showed significant differences for the variables incidence, severity, number of fruits and flowers; in the case of incidence the best treatment was (T3) Pyraclostrobin, in severity (T5) Copper sulfate, in number of flowers (T6) Control and in number of fruits (T4) Tebuconazole. Therefore, it is concluded that biological, chemical, and conventional control types have management potential for diseases in the established prickly pear crop. The use of pyraclostrobin, copper sulfate and Bacillus subtilis is recommended for phytosanitary management.