Diseño y validación de una máquina para ensayos a tracción de probetas de resinas poliméricas impresas en 3D

Abstract

The objective of this technical project was to present the design and validation of a machine for tensile testing of 3D printed polymeric resin specimens. The compendium of bibliographic material made it possible to present the main design parameters, with an established maximum capacity of 10 kN and a displacement of 305 mm. The concurrent design methodology was used, causing the decomposition of each of the possible alternatives through the application and deployment of the QFD. The specimen clamping system through the selection of wedge-type manual clamps with a capacity of 5 kN. The load conversion system with good accuracy and repeatability of the Xforce HP Load Cell type. The measurement of how much the extension of the specimens under test varies by means of the Clip on Extensometer 5025-1 device. The screen of a computer where it allows the visualization of results. The mechanical components were designed by means of analytical calculation for mechanical resistance and rigidity, integrating the modeling in the SolidWorks program and the application of the finite element method in the ANSYS program, which facilitated the validation of the values obtained in the design computation. Five tests were carried out on the engineering resin specimens with the geometry established by the ASTM D 638 standard for the determination of the main tensile properties in polymeric materials with an ultimate tensile stress equivalent to 48,561 MPa. The analysis of the type of fracture corroborates if the material presents a brittle or ductile behavior. The static simulation of the machine allowed to verify that it is a functional and reliable design. It is recommended to characterize the polymeric resin used by the stereolithography method since it lacks some of the necessary mechanical properties required by the simulation software.