Evaluación de los controles biológico y químico del complejo Fusarium spp. causante de la marchitez en mora (Rubus glaucus Benth).

Abstract

This present investigation aimed to evaluate under field conditions the biological and chemical control of the Fusarium spp. complex, which causes blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) wilt. For the former, effect of the rotation of Trichoderma harzianum, T. lentiforme and T. longibrachiatum was studied, each species at a concentration of 1x106 CFU mL-1, and for the latter, the active ingredients azoxystrobin (2cc L-1), thiabendazole (2cc L-1) and copper phosphite (2.5cc L-1) were used. The experiments were carried out at the Tunshi Experimental Station in an area of 228 m2, the treatments were applied directly to the blackberry plant in drench at a volume of 1 liter per plant, the variables and indicators evaluated were: productivity (number of productive branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, grams of fruit harvested per plant) level of damage (percentage of incidence and severity). In the biological treatment with the rotation of Trichoderma harzianum, T. lentiforme and T. longibrachiatum, 193.7 grams per plant, 583.3 fruits per plant, a final incidence percentage of 0% and a final severity percentage of 0% were obtained; in the chemical treatment with the rotation of azoxystrobin, thiabendazole and copper phosphite, 114 grams per plant, 348 fruits per plant, a final incidence percentage of 0% and a final severity percentage of 0% were obtained. Therefore, the best control was the biological and chemical treatment where the lowest level of damage by the Fusarium spp. complex (F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. redolens) causing blackberry wilt was obtained. It is recommended to use chemical products with their commercial doses and biological species to generate a preventive control towards blackberry wilt caused by the Fusarium spp. complex.