Perfil de glucosa sanguínea materna como determinante del índice ponderal de los recién nacidos en el Hospital Obstétrico Ángela Loaiza De Ollague, provincia de El Oro, durante el periodo 2020.

Abstract

The incidence of gestational diabetes in Ecuador is one of the main causes of maternal and fetal morbidity. Because of the interest in carrying out research on this subject, the present work aims to analyze the maternal blood glucose profile as a determinant of the weight index of newborns at the Ángela Loayza Obstetric Hospital in Ollague, El Oro Province, during the period 2020. From the methodological point of view, an observational, retrospective, descriptive, crosssectional study was developed, with a quantitative approach and a descriptive scope. The study population consisted of 346 women, aged between 18 and 35 years and without a history of chronic noncommunicable diseases, who were admitted to the aforementioned hospital during the year 2020. A database was collected with the following variables: maternal age, gestational age, pre- gestational body mass index, gestational weight gain, fasting glucose in the third trimester of gestation, weight, and height of the newborn, and number of products. The results in the pregnant women showed that 11.3% of the mothers were underweight, 38.4% were overweight and 22.5% were obese. Likewise, most of the pregnant mothers maintained their glucose levels inadequate ranges. As for the newborns, a high percentage of symmetry at birth was observed (79.8%) and a low percentage of overweight at birth (6%); newborns with asymmetry represented 14.5% of the population studied. From the statistical analysis, it was determined that there was a low relationship between the variables of maternal blood glucose and weight index and that maternal glucose did not influence the weight index. The newborns of the pregnant women with obesity had a higher ponderal index compared to the pregnant women with normal weight or overweight, these results being statistically significant (p= 0.003**).