Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de prótesis funcional para amputación transradial de dos grados de libertad, con señal mioelectrica y accionamiento motorizado

Abstract

The objective of this technical work was to design and build a functional prosthesis prototype for trans radial amputation with two degrees of freedom, with a myoelectric signal and motorized actuation. For which its methodology was based on the research and compilation of bibliographical references of books, scientific articles, with this fundamental parameters of the design, anthropometric specifications that allowed to configure the dimensions of the prototype were established. The concurrent design method was used, which provides a selection weighting of alternatives for compliance with the standards of the voice of the user and the voice of the engineer. The optimal mechanisms for the mobility of the fingers of the prosthesis were determined, allowing the subjection of objects. For the movement of the index, middle, ring and little fingers, a connecting rod-crank mechanism was used, with the application of a servomotor as a driving element. While for the thumb, a rack and pinion mechanism was used with a servomotor as the driving element. Motion analysis and workload were defined through simulation run in MSC ADAMS and ANSYS software. It was concluded that the design of the prosthesis prototype is valid. The mechanical elements of the prototype were designed by modeling in SolidWorks software and manufactured by 3D printing in engineering resin since this material has good mechanical properties. The muscle sensor V3 is connected to the beginning, middle and end of the muscle, its calibration was done by turning the gain screw. By means of arduino nano, the rotation angles of each motor were configured, allowing an adequate grip, managing to hold objects and a good interaction with the user. It is recommended to monitor the user to appreciate improvement in their lifestyle and implement improvements