Estudio de la composición, estructura y diversidad del bosque Moras en la comunidad de Chazojuan, parroquia Salinas, cantón Guaranda, provincia de Bolivar.

Abstract

The research sought to determine the composition, structure and biodiversity of the Moras Forest, located in the Chazojuan community in the Salinas de Guaranda parish, through the application of importance and biodiversity indices. The study area was delimited through a GPS and hypsometer, coordinate and elevation survey, with due processing, generating a map with a sampling area of 0.1 hectares (ha), divided into five transects of forty by five meters (m). For the establishment of the forest inventory, known and unknown botanical species were identified, the latter would be identified from samples (two per species) of specimens whose diameter at breast height (DBH), at 1.3 m from the ground, was greater than 10 centimeters (cm), the basal area was also determined from DBH. Fertile (with flowers and/or fruits) and infertile samples were collected, coded and pressed for transfer to the herbarium of the Facultad de Recursos Naturales of the ESPOCH. Seventy- five individuals distributed in 16 families, 35 genera and 42 species were collected; the abundance of species was represented by: Chrysophyllum venezuelanense, Sorocea trophoides sp., Ocotea foetens., Ficus dulciaria and Virola sebifera., with 8, 5, and 4 specimens, respectively. The highest importance value index was 17.50 %, for Chrysophyllum venezuelanense, 58, 12 and 5 individuals were determined for diameter classes I, II and III, respectively. Considering that 77.33% of individuals correspond to diametral class I, the value of the Simpson index of 0.96 and Shannon`s index of 3.50. It is concluded that the Moras Forest is a secondary forest in regeneration and therefore has a juvenile distribution with high species diversity. It is recommended to carry out studies on natural regeneration and the dynamics between soil, time of year and vegetation.