Determinación de la prevalencia de mastitis en vacas Holstein mestizas de la Asociación ASOPROPEM del cantón Patate.

Abstract

The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of mastitis in Holstein crossbred cows of the Asociación de Producción Agropecuaria Poateños Emprendedores (ASOPROPEM) from the community of Sucre, Patate canton. In this study, laboratory analyses of bacterial pathogens in milk were conducted at the VETELAB laboratory. A total of 100 Holstein crossbred cows were assessed by California mastitis test (CMT). Positive scores were detected in 55 cows and negative scores were detected in 45 cows. The prevalence of mastitis per animal was 55%. Of the total 400 udder quarters examined, 90 were infected. According to this, the prevalence of mastitis (22.5%) was determined for the total of infected udder quarter. In relation to the quarter position, left fore (LF) quarter was 31.11% and left hind (LH) quarter was 26.67%, whereas both right fore (RF) quarter and right hind (RH) quarter reported similar results of prevalence of mastitis (21.11%). A total of five gram-positive pathogens were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus (40%), coagulase positive Staphylococcus (30%), Staphylococcus spp. (20%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (7%) and Streptococcus uberis (3%). An antibiogram with ten antibiotics was used to determine the sensitivity. The sensitivity to antibiotics was as follows: Staphylococcus aureus sensitive to cephalexin, sulfa trimethoprim, and gentamicin; Staphylococcus spp. sensitive to gentamicin, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus sensitive to amoxicillin + clavunalic acid, and sulfa trimethoprim; Streptococcus Dysgalactiae sensitive to sulfa trimethoprim, and finally, Streptococcus Uberis sensitive to cephalexin and lincomycin. We conclude that microorganisms have developed resistance to cloxacillin because it is inexpensive and widely used. Therefore, it is recommended to use cephalexin, sulfa trimethoprim, and gentamicin in the treatment of mastitis because they will be more effective.