Evaluación del efecto de tres formulaciones químicas mediante fertirriego con fertilización orgánica complementaria en el rendimiento de cebolla colorada (Allium cepa L.) Var. Burguesa.

Abstract

This investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of three chemical formulations by fertigation with three doses of complementary organic fertilization on the yield of red onion (Allium cepa L.) Var. Burguesa in the Siguilán community, Punín parish, Riobamba canton, Chimborazo province. A bifactorial randomized complete block design was used in a split plot arrangement, where the large plot corresponded to the fertigation doses and the subplots to the organic fertilization doses, with 4 replications and a total of 48 experimental units. Three fertigation doses were established: medium dose with 180-120-200 kg/ha of N-P2O5-K2O according to crop requirements (A1), high dose with 270-180-300 kg/ha of N-P2O5-K2O (A2), and low dose with 90-60-100 kg/ha of N-P2O5-K2O (A3), and a control with only water (A4) combined with the organic fertilizer Eco Abonaza at a dose of 0 Mg/ha (B1), 1.5 Mg/ha (B2), and 3 Mg/ha (B3). The agronomic variables evaluated were plant height, number of leaves, pseudostem diameter, days to harvest, rings per bulb, bulb diameter, bulb weight, yield per category and total yield. The results indicate that the factors chemical fertilization and organic fertilization show no interaction. However, organic fertilization at a dose of 3 Mg/ha and chemical fertilization at a high dose (A2) achieved the best responses individually. Treatment A1B3 achieved the maximum yield of 57.25 t/ha and the best benefit-cost ratio of 2.22. It is concluded that the application of fertigation combined with organic fertilization increased yields in the red onion crop. The application of the average fertigation rate with 3 Mg/ha of Eco Abonaza is recommended.