Tinte natural de guarango (Caesalpinia spinosa) en la aplicación de fibras animales.

Abstract

The objective of this experimental work was to determine the effect of the natural dye of Guarango (Caesalpinia spinosa) on animal fibers. It was developed in the laboratory of Agroindustrial Wool and Fibers of the Faculty of Animal Sciences-ESPOCH. 15 experimental units in the process of dyeing Vicugna pacos fibers were distributed in three treatments: Treatment 1= leaves, Treatment 2= bark and Treatment 3= Guarango pods. They were subjected to the following statistical analyses: Analysis of Variance (ADEVA), separation of means by Tukey (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05); where the physical-chemical properties of the yarn were evaluated as: percentage elongation (%), tensile strength (Nw/cm²), breaking point (Nw), light fastness (points), washing fastness (points), refractometry (°Brix) and pH. The results indicate an elongation percentage of: (30.58 and 30.55 %), tensile strength (18635.12 and 14169.26 Nw/cm²), breaking point (93.01 and 97.69 Nw), pH (3.59 and 3.46) when using the pods and bark and they showed the high values with no significant differences. In the evaluation of light fastness, wash fastness and refractometry, high weights were obtained: (5.00 points), (4.80 points) and (10.40 ° Brix) determining that they differ significantly when using leaves. In addition, high economic responses were recorded when dyeing with Guarango pods, indicating a benefit/cost of $1.09 and a profit of $1.40 per kg of pigmented fiber. It was concluded that the use of Guarango pods as a natural dye did not influence the chemical physical characteristics of Vicugna pacos yarn. It is suggested the use of the pods and bark as raw material for the extraction of the dye, since it allowed a better physical, chemical and economic performance as a natural pigment.