Estudio del sistema de conservación post cosecha de la producción industrial del hongo comestible Pleurotus ostreatus a partir del aprovechamiento de residuos lignocelulósicos

Abstract

The research project aimed to evaluate the post-harvest conservation system for the industrial production of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus from lignocellulosic residues such as cocoa (Theobroma cacao), guava (Inga edulis) and quinoa stubble (chenopodium quinoa). The evaluation was based on 5 phases that are the preparation of the strain, inoculation in wheat seeds, preparation of the substrate, cultivation and conservation. In addition, analyzes of the lignocellulosic characteristics of the substrates and the bromatological characteristics of the fruiting bodies were carried out. Three mixtures were designed applying a DCA experimental design to evaluate the production that implies earliness, fresh weight of the fungus, production yield, biological science and analysis of the bromatological characteristics of the fungi in each treatment; and in addition to assessing the best conservation system by thermal processes. These variables were assessed by a single-factor variance study (ANOVA) and null hypothesis testing, according to the reasoning criteria and 95% reliability level. Based on this, it was obtained that the best treatment was T2 (60% cocoa husk, 25% guava husk, 15% quinoa stubble), presenting an average fungal weight of 380,69 grams, biological efficiency of 38,07%, yield of 70,08% but the protein content and appearance of primordia was more relevant in the T1 treatment (40% cocoa husk, 30% guava husk, 30% quinoa stubble) being 16,80% and 10 days respectively. Regarding the best conservation system, it was drying on the same substrate. Based on these data, it is estimated that with the T2 treatment, there will be a greater profitability at the industrial level of the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms. In addition, it is recommended to carry out research incorporating other lignocellulosic residues from the area to obtain good yields.