Obtención y caracterización de un coagulante catiónico a partir del fréjol arbustivo (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) para clarificación de agua

Abstract

The aim of this research consisted of obtaining and characterizing a cationic coagulant from beans (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) for water clarification which considered three phases. The first phase involved obtaining the raw coagulant extract by grinding and sieving the raw material, followed by delipidification in a 10% dilution (W/V) with 96% ethanol. This mixing process was carried out with a blade agitator at 2000 rpm; then the mixture was sedimented for one hour and filtered under vacuum, the resulting solids were dried for 24 hours at room temperature and the extract was obtained. The second phase is the physicochemical characterization of the extract where the most important characteristics were measured to determine the coagulant functions. In the third phase, the coagulation capacity was evaluated by means of the jar test with synthetic turbid water (ATS), which was prepared with kaolin in three proportions (W/V) at 25, 50 and 75 % with pure water. This was treated with 10% dilutions (W/V) of the extract with three solvents, ultrapure distilled water and sodium chloride at 0.5 and 0.25 Molar, using doses of 1, 2, 3 and 5 milliliters of each solution. In the results of the initial raw material of 2kg, a 76% yield of coagulant extract was obtained; in the characterization, favorable values were obtained: pH 7.7, proteins 17.85% and carbohydrates 62.16%, and in the evaluation of the coagulant activity, values of more than 75% of turbidity removal were obtained. It was concluded that beans are an ideal raw material for obtaining a cationic coagulant that can replace traditional inorganic coagulants. It is recommended to use this natural coagulant only with the solvent of ultrapure distilled water and in waters with high turbidity.