Identificación de la mezcla óptima de almidón de quinua (Chenopidium quinua) y jengibre (Zingiber officinale) para la elaboración de láminas de bioplástico

Abstract

In the present search, bioplastic sheets were made from the mixture of quinoa (chenopidium quinoa) and ginger (zingibre officinale) starches, in the face of the disadvantages of petroleum-derived plastics, considering that they are currently widely used in food processing food industry. The aim is to obtain biodegradable bioplastics supporting the industrial and environmental levels. The extraction of quinoa and ginger starches began by wet method. Once the starch was obtained, the physical-chemical characterization of the starches was carried out under the FAO standard. Subsequently, the optimal formulations for the bioplastic sheets were elaborated according to the 2k factorial design. The optimal formulation is 90% quinoa starch and 10% ginger starch, presenting as stable and resistant. According to the results of the physical-chemical and mechanical characterizations of the bioplastic sheets of the four treatments, they present very good properties. Likewise, through the INEN 2043 standard, the tensile tests comply with the quality requirements of thin films for bioplastics. n the biodegradability test, it was found that the most efficient degradation in air, soil and water presented treatment 3 since in just 36 days the biofilms are degraded by 94% in soil, 60% in air and 51% in water. Finally, the bioplastics obtained can be used as food coatings, since much of the research carried out on bioplastics has been focused on reducing production costs and increasing productivity. It is recommended to experiment with other additives to improve its quality. And at the same time carry out the evaluation based on the EN 13432 standard.