Identificación de las variables de proceso para la síntesis de plástico biodegradable del almidón del arroz de cebada (Hordeum vulgare) para el uso en el embalaje de alimentos

Abstract

The objective of this research was to identify the process variables for obtaining biodegradable plastics from barley rice starch for use in the packaging of lime. For which starch was extracted wet by grinding in a blender at different times and speeds, four treatments were obtained with four repetitions, whose best performance corresponded to treatment 4 (T4), followed by the physicochemical characterization of the starch based on the INEN 1456 standard. For bioplastic formulation, preliminary tests of concentrations of each component and operating conditions were carried out, thus obtaining based on the 2k factorial design with k = 2, a low and high limit for starch of (2g and 2.5g) and glycerin (0.5 mL and 1mL), with constant values of water (35mL), acetic acid (4mL), time (15 min) and temperature (86 ° C), the bioplastics were dried at room temperature for three days. Subsequently, the physical and mechanical tests were carried out, the average thickness of each treatment was (0.11mm; 0.14mm; 0.14mm; 0.12mm), humidity (12.99%; 13.95%; 12.84%; 15.35%), solubility (27.91%; 28.96%; 26.39%; 35.94%), among others. The mechanical tests were carried out in the LenMaV Laboratory of whose results the treatment of bioplastic 1 (TP1) presented a higher percentage of elongation (16.20%), while, for the modulus of elasticity, yield stress, yield stress, load maximum and maximum effort the TP3 presented higher values. In the biodegradability tests, the samples degraded in less time in the water, followed by the soil and finally the environment. It is concluded that the bioplastics obtained are ecological and based on their tensile properties they can be used in food packaging. It is recommended to plate the sheets on strictly flat surfaces to avoid their inclination.