Obtención de nanocelulosa a partir del rastrojo de maíz (zea mays L.) mediante hidrólisis ácida

Abstract

This research work sought to obtain nanocellulose from corn stubble (Zea Mayz L) through acid hydrolysis. In such a way that the stubble was characterized and cellulose was obtained removing impurities efficiently; In addition, the performance of nanocellulose was experimentally determined to characterize it by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and microscopy scanning electronics (MEB). This research work sought to obtain nanocellulose from corn stubble (Zea Mayz L) through acid hydrolysis. The stubble was characterized and cellulose was obtained by removing impurities efficiently; furthermore, the performance of nanocellulose was experimentally determined to characterize it by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterization of the raw material was carried out by proximal analysis, cellulose was analyzed by light microscopy, FT-IR and SEM and nanocellulose was characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The impact it has on obtaining cellulose was studied by varying temperatures and alkaline hydrolysis times using 5% NaOH for each part of the corn stubble. With the highest yielding cellulose, the conversion to nanocellulose was carried out with sulfuric acid at 64% and 45 degrees Celsius, varying the ratio of the volume of solution and the weight of cellulose. It was determined that the most suitable washing for cost and availability is centrifugation at 4000 rpm, for 20 minutes and subsequently drying at 80 degrees Celsius for 8 hours to finally obtain the nanostructures. For the statistical analysis, the Univariate Analysis of Variance was used, resulting in that of the nine treatments, the most relevant were eight and nine for their performance greater than 30% and seven and nine exceeding 33% of performance for cellulose of the leaves and the stem respectively. For nanocellulose, the most significant treatments were three and five with a yield greater than 5% and treatments one and five with an average yield of 3.5% for nanocellulose from corn leaves and stalks, respectively. It is recommended for a later investigation to vary the concentration of the acid to corroborate if the concentration does not influence the crystallinity of the nanostructures.