Exactitud de la valoración subjetiva global versus la determinación objetiva para la evaluación del estado nutricional en pacientes oncológicos del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social Santo Domingo.

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the accuracy of the Subjective Global Assessment versus the Objective Assessment of the nutritional status of the oncologic patient. The Subjective GlobalAssessment (SGA) is a valid tool that early identifies malnourished patients or those at risk of being malnourished to benefit from intensive nutritional support. The study was a cross- sectional observational, descriptive, validation study, in which 114 adult oncology patients attended the General Hospital of the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security in the Province of Santo Domingo de Los Tsáchilas participated. For the objective assessment of nutritional status, the following were measured and calculated for each patient: Body Mass Index, Body Composition, Arm Circumference, Arm Muscle Circumference, Serum Albumin, and Hemoglobin, and for the Subjective Global Assessment, the Subjective Global Assessment Instrument was used which contains two parts: Clinical History and Physical Examination, classifying the patients in; A (well nourished) B (moderately malnourished) C (severely malnourished). For the statistical analysis, the SPSS program version 25.0 was used, a correlation analysis was performed between the objective and subjective assessment by calculating the R- square and F coefficient, and a multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the most appropriate model to quickly assess the nutritional status. The Subjective Global Assessment shows B and C: 37% for moderately malnourished malesseverely malnourished. The relationship between subjective global assessment versus Body Mass Index was analyzed as the mean for malnutrition and severely malnourished 24.24 kg/m2 with a high significance of p: (<0.0001) for caloric-energy malnutrition, it is worth highlighting high evidence of p: (<0.0001) for the relationship subjective global assessment with the brachial circumference with the mean arm circumference determining protein-caloric malnutrition. It was concluded that, when applying the subjective global assessment test, the hypothesis is justified, facilitating the early diagnosis of malnutrition at low cost, with highly sensitive results of nutritional impact establishing intervention priority. Therefore, it is related to the subjective global assessment with hemoglobin with a high significance of p: (0.0019),highlighting the relationship with the subjective global assessment with albumin with a high significance of p: (0.0472).