Evaluación de cuatro sustratos y dos tratamientos pre-germinativos por reproducción sexual de Ochroma pyramidale (BALSA) en el vivero Plants Orellana, provincia de Orellana.

Abstract

This research consisted on evaluating four substrates for sexual reproduction of balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) in the nursery Plants Orellana, Francisco de Orellana city, Orellana province. For the objectives achievement, seeds were purchased at Plantas Orellana nursery, sanitized with a fungicide (active compound carboxym+ thiram) in a ratio of 12 grams per kg of seed, then the substrates were prepared, which were: TS= River sand (100%), T1= Red soil (50%) + Black soil (25%) + Organic fertilizer (25%), T2= Black soil (70%) + Organic fertilizer (20%) + Red soil (10%) and T3= Black soil (50%) + River sand (50%); to determine the germination percentage, two pre-germinative treatments were tested consisting on the immersion of the seeds in water at normal temperature for 24 hours and immersion in water at 100 °C for two minutes, separating the seeds in each substrate under study; To determine the best substrate, a randomized complete block design with three replications was used, the plants were measured for height, diameter at neck height and number of leaves at 30 and 45 days, and the data were subjected to an analysis of variance to establish the statistical differences between substrates. The highest germination percentage, 71 %, was obtained with immersion in normal water for 24 hours and substrate T2, greater height growth with substrates T2 and T3, greater growth in diameter with substrates T1 and T2; and there were no differences between substrates for growth in number of leaves. There are differences in the germination and development of the balsa according to the substrate in which it is sown; it is recommended to try other pre-germinative treatments that increase the germination percentage.