Determinación del método de riego mas eficiente y ajuste del (kc) mediante lisimetria en el cultivo de fréjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. canarillo mejorado en la estación experimental Tunshi.

Abstract

The objective of this research work was to determine the most efficient irrigation method and crop coefficient adjustment (Kc) by lysimetry in the bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. Canarillo at the Tunshi experimental station. A complete randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications was used, with the sprinkler, drip, gravity, and control methods corresponding to T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively; a block of three lysimeters was also used to determine the kc setting. To determine the application efficiency for the drip and sprinkler irrigation method, the uniformity coefficient formula was used, for the gravity method, it was established with the infiltrated and drained volume. Biometric data such as plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, stomatal conductance before and after irrigation, water stress before and after irrigation every 20 days, relative water content, plant and pod dry matter, green and blue water footprint, yield in kg/ha and volume of water applied were also recorded. For the Kc adjustment, the duration of the phenological stages of the bean crop was considered by means of calculating the volume of water input and output divided by the area of each lysimeter, obtaining the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The adjusted kc values were 0.4, 1, 1.2, and 0.8 for the initial, development, intermediate, and final stages, respectively. Drip irrigation showed an application efficiency of 93%, higher than the other treatments, obtaining yields of 10 T/ha with a water footprint of 149.83 L/kg. It was concluded that the most efficient irrigation method for beans is drip irrigation. It is recommended to use the values obtained to optimize water use.