Modelo matemático para el análisis del comportamiento térmico en el proceso de soldadura de un acero estructural mediante un software con base en el método de elementos finitos.

Abstract

The main objective of this research was to develop a mathematical model for the thermic analysis in the process of welding by using an electric arc GMAW of a structural steel; carrying out a positive, descriptive research, with a quantitative approach. Likewise, the deductive method was applied as the first step was to understand the theory related to thermic behavior to find the governing equations, initial conditions, boundary conditions, variables amongst other parameters for the modelling that represented approximately the real phenomena. On the other hand, the theory of Numerical Simulation was also applied in conjunction with the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the main instrument used to process the collected data was the software CAE (Computer Aided Engineering), so in this way the approximate solutions to the interaction of the differential partial equation (DPE) of heat transfer and the Goldak equation of mobile source, with the aim of designing the proposal that finished with the analytic and descriptive parts of the maximum temperature of the electric arc for the welding process, the isothermal curves and the thermically affected zone (TAZ) of a virtual test tube for an specific time period. For the theoretical validation of the proposed mathematical model another software CAE was used, quite well-known locally in Ecuador. Therefore, according to the results of the analysis it was concluded that the mathematical model that represented the thermic behavior is appropriate, efficient and valid for a specific time period, relative errors were obtained of 2,43% and 1,01% when comparing the maximum temperatures of the lace and the useful longitude of the TAZ respectively.