Evaluación de la mejor dosis de fertilización nitrogenada en el cultivo de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) variedad cañicapac en la comunidad Puculpala.

Abstract

The objective of this research work was to evaluate the effect of four doses of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of the barley crop (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety Cañicapac in the Puculpala community. The experimental units used were 15 plots of barley of the Cañicapac variety, which were dosed with nitrogen fertilizer; the fertilizer used was urea. The treatments applied were treatment 1 (T1) 0 kg N ha-1, treatment 2 (T2) 40 kg N ha-1, treatment 3 (T3) 80 kg N ha-1, treatment 4 (T4) 120 kg N ha-1, treatment 5 (T5) 160 kg N ha-1. The yield determination in t ha-1 was based on total plant collection, separation by plant organs, and grain weighing. The bulk density, ammonium, organic carbon, and total nitrogen were determined by physical-chemical analysis of the soil. It was used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for the statistical analysis. For the economic issue, the Partial Budget Analysis methodology was used based on the Marginal Rate of Return (MRR), where production cost and yield per experimental unit were considered. As a result, a significant difference was obtained between each treatment. The treatment with the application of 120 kg N ha-1 (T4) stood out in terms of yield and economic benefits with values of 6,87 t ha-1 and 3260 USD ha-1, respectively. In addition, significant accumulations of ammonium, organic carbon, and total nitrogen molecules were found in the soil. It was concluded that the best dose of nitrogen fertilization in barley was the application of 120 kg N ha-1. It is recommended to make comparisons between nitrogen fertilizers of synthetic origin.