Estudio de la diversidad fúngica asociada a suelos agrícolas en cinco localidades de Santa Cruz- provincia de Galápagos.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the fungal diversity associated with agricultural soils in five localities of Santa Cruz-Galapagos Province. Soil samples were collected from Camino Viejo, El Cascajo, Media Luna, Media Luna-Bosque no intervened and La Fortuna. Fungal microorganisms were isolated by serial dilutions, fungal colonies were registered, and grouped by morphotypes. For cultural characterization, colony color, shape, elevation, edge, and surface were registered, while morphological characterization was carried out using the microculture technique through which fungal structures were registered, and molecular characterization was performed using the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) chain amplification technique with the primers ITS1 and ITS4, the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) products obtained were sequenced at MACROGEN KOREA. Subsequently, the electopherograms were visualized in the program Chromas Technelysium Pty Ltd version 2.6.6, then using the Blast tool of the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology), the comparison of the sequences obtained with those of the data banks was carried out. In addition, fungal diversity was evaluated using relative abundance, and using the R 4.1 program, species richness and Shannon and Simpson's diversity indexes were determined. Among the fungal microorganisms obtained were Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Gibellulopsis sp., Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Smaragdiniseta sp., Neopestalotiopsis sp., Chaetomium sp., Purpureocillium sp., Humicola sp., Alternaria sp., Galactomyces sp., Robillarda sp., Paramyrothecium sp., Staphylotrichum sp., an unclassified genus belonging to the order Chaetothyriales, and Actinomortierella sp. In conclusion, a total of 2273 fungal microorganisms were isolated. It is recommended to investigate the functions of the antagonistic fungi such as Trichoderma sp., Purpureocillium sp. y Chaetomium sp.