Tecnologías limpias para el proceso de curtición de pieles caprinas.

Abstract

The objective of this bibliographic research project was to study the clean technologies for the tanning process of goat skins. Information was collected from tangible and intangible sources and it was determined that the tanning field requires the implementation of clean technologies to avoid environmental problems that are generated mainly in the emission of liquid waste to fresh water bodies. In the evaluation of physical resistances, it was observed that when comparing different tanning systems, the superiority corresponds to tension (2642.02 N / cm2) and lastometry (11.78 mm) when using recovered chromium. However, the highest percentage of elongation (66.83%) is recorded when reusing the chromium from the recovered sludge. The sensory evaluation determined a higher weighting of fullness (4.63 points) when reusing the chromium from the wastewater, as well as, a better softness when reusing the tanning bath (5.00 points). In order to avoid contamination of the liquid waste of a tannery, the most appropriate technology was the treatment of wastewater through the recovery of chromium since a biochemical oxygen demand of 310.00 mg / L and an efficiency of 98 %. Also, for the chemical oxygen demand, several techniques were compared and it was established that in the investigation of the redesign of the wastewater treatment plant a considerable decrease in the chemical oxygen demand was achieved (32,300 mg / L). Finally, the economic evaluation reported the highest benefit/cost in reused chrome tanned leathers with 1.26; that is to say, a 26% profit.