Obtención de bioplástico a partir del almidón de semillas de yaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus) y aguacate hass (Persea americana) para su uso en el recubrimiento de alimentos

Abstract

The aim of this research project is to obtain bioplastic from the starch of jackfruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and Hass avocado pits (Persea americana) to be used in food coating. Starch was extracted by means of a process that consisted of: selection, washing, dehulling, grating, pre-dehydration, pre-milling, drying, milling, sieving and storage; After that, the starch characterization was carried out from the jackfruit seeds and avocado pits, where pH, humidity, amylose, gelatinization point, solubility, ash, fiber and protein were obtained as the most outstanding parameters. The variables analyzed determined that the treatment that presented the highest percentage of starch extraction was the T1 treatment at 1 rpm for 30 seconds, where a yield of 15,31% of the avocado seed starch was obtained, while for the jackfruit seeds was 20,89%. It was determined that the most appropriate treatment in obtaining bioplastic was TP4 with 4 g of starch, 4 g of plasticizer, with a mixing temperature of 82 degrees centigrade because a biodegradation of 67,57%, 45,22% and 7,79% in water, soil and ambient conditions in about 30 days was observed. It is concluded that the bioplastic obtained complies with the parameters within the established standards and is suitable as a food coating. The study of different additives in the bioplastic formulation is recommended in order to improve its properties and useful life time.