Obtención y caracterización de un bioplástico a partir de almidón de arveja piquinegra (Pisum sativum L) que sustituya al plástico convencional en la envoltura de alimentos

Abstract

The objective of the research work was to extract starch from the red pea (Pisum sativum L) to be used as a raw material in the production of bioplastic sheets that replace conventional plastic in food packaging, helping to reduce pollution worldwide. The starch was extracted wet using the method of factorial design of two variables such as high and low revolutions per minute, time of 45 and 60 seconds; The procedure to be followed was: collection of the raw material, cleaning, washing, soaking, crushing, filtering, decanting, drying and finally packaging, for each of the treatments with the corresponding repetitions, then the ANOVA analysis Once the starch is extracted, the physicochemical characterization, proximal and microbiological analysis are carried out to verify if it is suitable for the production of bioplastic sheets; after that, the preliminary formulations are also made using the factorial design of two variables having as main the starch concentration and the plasticizer concentration performing four treatments with four repetitions each, the main formulations were 3 to 4g of starch and 1 to 2ml of plasticizer, while 70ml water and 2ml acetic acid remain constant in all treatments is carried out to determine the best performance. Assays were carried out to characterize the best bioplastic. To conclude which of the treatments is the most suitable for the formulation, the analysis of variance is carried out, with treatment 1 being the most optimal, the bioplastic sheet with the best properties was treatment 2 as it had characteristics similar to the other authors. However, it is recommended to improve the permeability of the bioplastic film obtained so that its efficiency is one hundred percent in food wrapping.