Sintesis de un biopolímero a partir del almidón de salvado de avena (Avena sativa) para el embalaje de alimentos

Abstract

The present research work aims to synthesize a biopolymer from oat bran starch (Avena sativa) for use as food packaging. The starch was obtained by means of a wet route (crushing, filtering, sedimentation, drying and sieving) in which a yield of 34.605% was obtained, different tests were carried out on the starch with base in the INEN 1456 standard obtaining very favorable results which are within the established standard. The percentage of amylose (22.11%) was analyzed, a very acceptable value since the higher the content of amylose, the better the results will be in products obtained from this starch. To obtain the biopolymer or bioplastic, the 2k experimental design was applied, which allows identifying and quantifying a variable within an experimental study, in this case knowing the value of the concentrations, starch and glycerin to be fused, 4% are needed per 10% starch and 2% to 5% glycerin that acts as a plasticizer. Different tests were also carried out to know the quality of the bioplastic obtained, it had an average thickness of 0.1mm, an average permeability of 0.0008415 and it takes five weeks to obtain a degradability of 70% to 80%. Mechanical tensile tests were also carried out at four treatments to be able to verify the resistance and elasticity of the bioplastics, in accordance with the NTE INEN 2043 standard, an average elongation value of 60% and 2.5N of strength were obtained. Consequently, the bioplastic obtained exhibits physical and mechanical properties similar to traditional synthetic plastics. For the elaboration a minimum of five days in the drying of the starch is recommended.