Diseño y construcción de un biofiltro con gránulos de kéfir de agua para la degradación de contaminantes de aguas residuales de la lavadora y lubricadora “La Joya” en la ciudad de Riobamba

Abstract

The aim of this work is the design and construction of a biofilter using water kefir granules as useful microorganisms for the degradation of pollutants for an automotive washing machine in Riobamba. The biofilter was designed through a bibliographic review of the hydraulic conditions used for the design of sand and gravel filters used in wastewater treatment. During the treatment time, a simple water sample was taken in a previously washed plastic container, where it was taken to the laboratory immediately, in order to carry out the analyzes corresponding to the monitoring parameters for industrial vehicle maintenance and repair discharges automotive, which are BOD5, COD, SS, detergents, lead, oils and greases. They were compared with the norm of acceptable limits for the evacuation of wastewater towards a sewerage system proposed in table 11 of Book VI Annex 1 of the Environmental Quality Norm and water resource effluent discharge of the Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation Environment (TULSMA). In the final results of the treatment period it was determined that the parameters SS, BOD5, COD, detergents, lead, oils and fats obtained a concentration of 108 mg / l, 247 mg / l, 468 mg / l, 1.88 mg / l, 0.13 mg / l and 87.53 mg / l with a removal percentage of 84.80%, 8.59%, 23.73%, 59.39%, 51.83% and 19.17% respectively. It is concluded that the parameters SS, BOD5, COD, lead detergents, oils and fats of the treated water of the test corrected comply with the limits established by the TULSMA regulations. It is recommended not to work with any type of substrate such as sugar for microorganisms, because it causes greater contamination by the fermentation process.