Rediseño en la formulación de materia prima para la elaboración de teja de hormigón (ecuateja) mediante el uso de serrín, cascara de arrocillo y plástico reciclado en la planta industrial TUBASEC

Abstract

The objective of this study was to redesign the formula to elaborate concrete tile, to reduce the weight but maintain the characteristics of resistance and absorption and that complies with the specifications of the standard INEN 2420. The literature review allowed to know the formulation and the manufacturing process of the tile. The waste was selected, these were recycled materials such as rice husk, sawdust, and plastic. Using explorative and experimental methods, the incidence of waste variables in the tile-making process was determined. We worked with five samples with original composition (standard sample) and 15 for each raw material at 3, 5 and 7%, all were subjected to tests of resistance to bending, absorption, weight, appearance, structure, and dimensional characteristics. Based on the results, with the replacement of plastic at 3, 5 and 7%, the optimum value of 7% was obtained with a weight of 691g, absorption of 11.2% and resistance of 2.82 megapascals. A batch of 130 tiles was made, 10 for the pre-setting and drying process with a total of 21 days, aspect-structure determinations were made, with no physical deterioration of the material. An average value was obtained for the dimensional characteristics, length 420.6mm, width 336.3mm and wave height 43.7mm; for absorption 8.9%, the flexural strength of 227, complying with the requirement of the standard mentioned before, for the weight of 4241 grams, which compared to the average value of production 2018 (4904g) was reduced by 684 grams/tile. Establishing the new formulation for the manufacture of ECUATEJA with the substitution of 7% plastic, achieving a reduction in the cost of production, transportation costs, marketing and installation of the product and a reduction in the negative environmental impact.