Diseño de un equipo de pirólisis térmica para el aprovechamiento de residuos de cáscara de naranja, generados en el cantón Caluma

Abstract

The objective was the design of thermal pyrolysis equipment for the use of orange peel waste, generated in Caluma Canton. The starting point was the selection of the reactor, in this case, piston flow since due to its characteristics is the one that best fits for work with biomass, in addition to this, a series of equipment was considered to complement the proper functioning of the reactor, such as feed hopper, cyclone and heat exchanger. The feed hopper connected to an endless screw was considered, which in its lower part consists of a duct that allows the entry of gaseous nitrogen to create an inert atmosphere inside the reactor, followed by this the reactor was designed based on the results obtained in the thermogravimetric study, to propose rapid kinetics that would allow the other variables to be related, giving way to the development of the mass and energy balance of the piston flow reactor, which is designed in SUS304 steel that was chosen for its resistance to high temperatures reaching its maximum of 900 ℃ in sequence to the design is added a flange sealing system with a copper seal that by its characteristics ensures an inert atmosphere within the reactor, The reactor is surrounded by a set of 7 ceramic clamping elements that provide a power of 5080 W each, followed by a Stairmand type high-efficiency cyclone designed for its working qualities that allow for the efficiency of up to 90%. Thus obtaining high-efficiency equipment whose validation results showed a flow of bio-char solids of 13.75 Kg/h and 61.23 Kg/h of condensable gas characteristic of pyrolytic oil due to its high operating temperature of 769,012 K and its long residence time inside the reactor of 1.15 h.