Diseño, simulación y construcción de un chasis y carrocería e implementación de un sistema de dirección, para un prototipo de vehículo eléctrico utilitario

Abstract

This research study aimed to design, simulate and build a resistant chassis, bodywork, and steering system with the help of CAD/CAE software and appropriate manufacturing processes, to assemble the different system and parts that the electric vehicle incorporates. For the study, it was first simulated using computational tools such as SolidWorks and Ansys. ASTM A36 steel was determined as the construction material, and the safety factor, deformation, and strain were determined as study variables, based on the technical and homologation regulations of the R.F.E.D.A. It was made a review of the art state and the different theoretical foundations of several authors for the selection of the best steering mechanism. In which they implement the rack pinion and the Ackermann geometry for the different calculations. In the structural analysis, six models were designed, resulting in the simulation of the best model with a safety factor of 1.25, Von Mises stress of 193.26MPa, and strain of 5.42 mm. It was built based on the previously established design. The aerodynamic study allowed us to determine the drag coefficient, in which three models were designed. The prototype with the best aerodynamic characteristics presented a Cx of 0.654 at 50 km/h. In addition, to a maximum dynamic pressure of 152Pa. The steering system used has some characteristics such as low cost, moderate weight, and size, safe and stability, and easy maintenance. The steering box of the Chevrolet Spark year 2010 was chosen for the system implementation, with a total length of 1.2 m. This distance was reduced to 0.92 m due to the space of the prototype. It is recommended to continue with research under this line, which will allow identifying the potential development of this type of vehicle, which can be applied for personal and business interest situations.