Evaluación de la eficiencia de nematicidas, sobre el control de poblaciones de Meloidogyne incognita. En el cultivo de pitahaya amarilla (Selenicereus megalanthus), a nivel de invernadero en el cantón Joya de los Sachas.

Abstract

In this research, the efficiency of nematicides on the control of Meloidogyne incognita populations in the yellow pitahaya crop (Selenicereus megalanthus) was evaluated in order to determine the control of the final population at greenhouse level, in the Joya de los Sachas canton; the experimental unit was constituted by eight yellow pitahaya plants per treatment (T1: benfuracarb; T2: benzimidazole; T3: fluopyram; T4: abamectin; T5: absolute control; T6: control plus nematodes), with three replicates and a total of 144 experimental units. The response variables were: incidence, severity, number of nodules and nematodes in roots, number of nematodes in soil and amount of foliage. As a result, due to the high susceptibility of the plants, treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T6 presented 100% infected plants with an average population of 66 nematodes/soil and eleven nematodes/root at thirty days and at sixty days of 8139 nematodes/soil and 5749 nematodes/root. The quantification of nodules in the root system showed a highly significant effect for days of evaluation (p less than 0.0001), significant for treatments (p=0.0001) and the interactive effect of the two factors (p=0.0371). The severity presented by M. incognita in the root system for all treatments was 5, i.e. greater than 100 nodules. The use of the product Fluopyram (T3) at a dose of 0.6 l*ha, reduced the population of nematodes in relation to the control plus nematode (T6) and treatment two (benzimidazole), with 146 nodulations and 936 nematodes in the root system, giving a favorable result by considerably reducing the population and the degree of affectation to the crop, in addition. It is recommended to carry out a second phase of treatments at field level, to evaluate the efficacy and persistence of the product.