Biotecnología aplicada en el control y manipulación del ciclo estral de bovinos.

Abstract

This research got information about reproductive biotechnologies applied in the control and manipulation of the bovine estrous cycle. The development of this study collected data from scientific articles, theses, books, recipients of the databases of the following scientific platforms: E-book, RESEARCHGATE, SciELO, Springer, LA Reference, DSpace ESPOCH, redalyc, Dialnet. Articles of different topics were reviewed as mechanisms and tools that regulate the estrous cycle, reproductive biotechnologies applied to estrous cycle control and, the advantages of apply reproductive biotechnologies in livestock farms. Several organs involve the mechanisms and tools that regulated the estrous cycle: the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, ovaries, uterus and, reproductive hormones. The use of biotechnologies applied in reproduction as synchronization and induction of estrus and ovulation allowed improving the reproductive efficiency of bovine females. Finally, the physiological processes carried out within the bovine female reproductive system to achieve pregnancy through hormonal events regulated by the hypothalamus through the secretion of GnRH, the pituitary secretes FSH and LH; the follicle secretes estrogens and inhibin. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and, the uterus produces prostaglandin. Applying a series of hormones such as GnRH Estradiol and Progesterone for synchronization of the follicular wave; PgF2α and progesterone devices for control of the luteal phase; GnRH, Estradiol and, LH for ovulation induction, these hormonal combinations allow manipulation of the cow's reproductive physiology which control the estrous cycle. For this reason, reproductive biotechnologies help to obtain the best productive and reproductive performances in cattle farms.