Estudio comparativo de la composición y propiedades fisicoquímicas de aceites lubricantes automotrices comercializados en Riobamba

Abstract

This research aimed to compare the composition and physicochemical properties of oil automotive lubricants commercialized in Riobamba city to know the difference and factors that cause variation in structure and properties of new oil automotive use of the principal used brands. Oil samples were obtained through a stratified random sampling of the main points of commercialization of the city, distributed in car wash and lubricators, automobile repair shops, and auto parts warehouses. A survey of the vehicles owners was carried out, obtaining as results that the most commercialized oil brands in the city were Kendall, Amalie, Golden Bear, of foreign origin, with viscosity grades 20W 50, 10W 30 and 15W 40. It was conducted the identification of the composition and physicochemical properties of oil lubricants between different brands and within the same brand through equipment for rapid diagnostics to measure viscosity and density, infrared spectrometers, and oil analyzers. It was determined a difference between their allowable values of the process of wear, contamination, chemical degradation present in the structure, and density, viscosity, anti-wear additives, glycol, nitration, oxidation, sulfation, TBN, TAN, and water present in the physicochemical properties of automotive oil. For statistical analysis, used the independent variables control chart model, resulting in significant variability in the composition and physicochemical properties of Kendall oils, Amalie, Golden Bear, and their degree of viscosity. It is concluded that the variation in the different physicochemical properties of lubricating oil is due to factors such as temperature, moisture, and storage to which they are exposed in several strata. It is recommended to store lubricating oil in a suitable place, controlling its temperature, and moisture.